Few architectural styles provoke as strong a reaction as Brutalism. Some people see massive, uncompromising works of art. Others see grey, unwelcoming blocks. Both views say something about how we relate to the buildings around us.
Where the name comes from
The term comes from the French "béton brut", meaning raw concrete. Architects working from the 1950s to the 1970s left concrete exposed, often showing the texture of the wooden formwork it was poured into. The idea was honesty: a building should show what it is made of.
Built for the public
Many Brutalist buildings were universities, libraries, theatres, housing estates and government offices. They were built quickly and affordably during a period of rapid growth, with strong ideals about public service and community.
Why the reputation suffered
Exposed concrete weathers badly in wet climates, streaking and staining over time. Poor maintenance made many estates feel neglected, and the style became associated with urban decline, even when the buildings themselves were well designed.
A second look
In recent years, Brutalism has enjoyed a revival among photographers and architecture fans. Some buildings that were once threatened with demolition are now protected and carefully restored. Whatever your opinion, these structures are an important record of an era's ambitions.